INMACULADA SCHOOL 4th ESO
ALICANTE
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
NAME
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FORM
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UNIT 6
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All through the unit you'll be working the following:
BASIC SKILLS
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| Competencias en comunicación lingüística |
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Tratamiento de la información y competencia digital
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Competencia en el conocimiento y la interacción con el mundo físico
|
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| Competencia social y ciudadana |
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| Competencia cultural y artística |
enfermedades más comunes.
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| Competencia para aprender a aprender |
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Autonomía e iniciativa personal
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la creatividad personal a la hora de producir textos escritos y orales a partir de modelos dados.
trabajo escrito.
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PERSONAL NOTES
EXTRA RESOURCES
VOCABULARY: Health
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READING: A Web Forum
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GRAMMAR: Modals
READING: A Scientific Article
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REVIEW 2: The Animals Song
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READING: A Web Forum
MODAL VERBS
MEANING VERBS EXAMPLES
CAPACITY
ABILITY
CAN
COULD
BE ABLE TO
(Future/Past)
I can come on Monday.
He can play chess.
Could you lift that box?
She could speak English.
They haven’t been able to win.
PERMISSION
MAY/CAN
MIGHT/COULD
May I come in?
Can I stay?
Could I go to the cinema with Peter?
Might I make a suggestion?
POSSIBILITY
MAY/CAN
MIGHT/COULD
It may rain tomorrow.
It might snow too.
Can it be true?
They could come by train.
IMPOSSIBILITY
CAN’T
COULDN’T(Past)
That can’t be true.
OBLIGATION
MUST
HAVE TO
I must work hard.
You have to go to class.
MORAL
OBLIGATION
MUST
SHOULD
OUGHT TO
You must respect your teacher.
You should be more punctual.
You ought to drink less.
NO OBLIGATION
NEEDN’T
DON’T HAVE TO
You needn’t come on Saturday.
You don’t have to be there till eight.
SUPPOSITION
DEDUCTION
MUST
CAN’T
WILL
WOULD
SHOULD
She must be about thirty.
She can’t be as old as that.
That will be the doctor.
He would be about forty then.
They should be here by now.
PROHIBITION
PLEASE DON’T
MUSTN’T
CAN’T
MAY NOT
You mustn’t disobey your father.
You can’t park here.
You may not smoke here.
INVITATIONS
WILL
WOULD
Will you have another whisky?
Would you like another cup?
SUGGESTION
SHALL
Shall I open the window?
HABITS (Past)
USED TO
WOULD
She used to play very well.
He would go to bed at ten o’clock.
MODAL VERBS
| ||
| MEANING | VERBS | EXAMPLES |
CAPACITY
ABILITY
|
CAN
COULD
BE ABLE TO
(Future/Past)
|
I can come on Monday.
He can play chess.
Could you lift that box?
She could speak English.
They haven’t been able to win.
|
PERMISSION
|
MAY/CAN
MIGHT/COULD
|
May I come in?
Can I stay?
Could I go to the cinema with Peter?
Might I make a suggestion?
|
POSSIBILITY
|
MAY/CAN
MIGHT/COULD
|
It may rain tomorrow.
It might snow too.
Can it be true?
They could come by train.
|
IMPOSSIBILITY
|
CAN’T
COULDN’T(Past)
|
That can’t be true.
|
OBLIGATION
|
MUST
HAVE TO
|
I must work hard.
You have to go to class.
|
MORAL
OBLIGATION
|
MUST
SHOULD
OUGHT TO
|
You must respect your teacher.
You should be more punctual.
You ought to drink less.
|
NO OBLIGATION
|
NEEDN’T
DON’T HAVE TO
|
You needn’t come on Saturday.
You don’t have to be there till eight.
|
SUPPOSITION
DEDUCTION
|
MUST
CAN’T
WILL
WOULD
SHOULD
|
She must be about thirty.
She can’t be as old as that.
That will be the doctor.
He would be about forty then.
They should be here by now.
|
PROHIBITION
PLEASE DON’T
|
MUSTN’T
CAN’T
MAY NOT
|
You mustn’t disobey your father.
You can’t park here.
You may not smoke here.
|
INVITATIONS
|
WILL
WOULD
|
Will you have another whisky?
Would you like another cup?
|
SUGGESTION
|
SHALL
|
Shall I open the window?
|
HABITS (Past)
|
USED TO
WOULD
|
She used to play very well.
He would go to bed at ten o’clock.
|
EXERCISES ON MODALS
1.COMPLETE WITH THE SUITABLE MODAL VERB.
NEEDN´T / WILL / SHOULD / MAY / CAN´T /
1.____________ you post the letters for me, please?
2.You ___________be tired! you´ve slept all day.
3.They __________have been delayed by the traffic.
4.They are getting worse.They___________ see a doctor.
5.You _____________wake me up. I have my alarm-clock.
2.MODALS.Complete these sentences with these verbs:
may, mustn´t, have to, must, needn´ t.
1.You....................... feel tired. You´ve been playing football all afternoon.
2.Doctor´s orders: You.......................smoke.
3.I find it really difficult to read now:I´m sure I.........................wear glasses.
4......................I come in? Yes, of course.
5.You...................... wash the dishes.They´re clean.
3 .COMPLETE WITH THE SUITABLE MODAL VERB.
WILL / SHALL / WOULD / CAN´T / COULD
1.I wish you____________smoke less.
2.When I was six I___________play the violin.
3.Next year there __________be 4º ESO here.
4.You ___________be tired! you´ve slept all day.
5.__________ I carry that case for you?
b) SHOULD / MAY / MUST / HAVE TO / NEEDN´T
6.They __________have been delayed by the traffic.
7.You ____________finish the work before tomorrow.
8.They are getting worse.They___________ see a doctor.
9.You _____________wake me up. I have my alarm-clock.
10.I_____________be on time tomorrow.It´s my first day at the office.
REVISION TESTS UNIT 6
LEVEL 1
1.Match the words in A to the definitions in B.
A B
1. emergency room a. If you don’t do this, you will die.
2. an injection b. You get this if you eat something bad.
3. stomach ache c. An ambulance might take you here.
4. breathe d. Some people get this to prevent the flu.
5. gym e. how some rashes make you feel
6. sore throat f. This might make it hard for you to talk.
7. itchy g. This person helps you get fit.
8. personal trainer h. a place where you can work out
2. Choose the correct answer to show you have understood the meaning of the underlined words.
1. He has got a severe head injury. We’re not worried / extremely worried / glad it’s not serious.
2. One of my fingers is swollen. It’s a lot bigger / smaller / colder than the others.
3. It’s polite to cover your eyes / mouth / nose when you cough.
4. Tony should put on some weight. He eats too many sweets / is too thin / is heavy.
5. She got a rash after working in the garden last week. She can’t hear well / Her skin is red /
Her arm muscles hurt.
6. I’ve lost weight, so I want to buy jeans that are the same size as / bigger than / smaller than my old ones.
7. Amanda had an allergic reaction to someone’s perfume last night. She loved the smell /
couldn’t stop sneezing / didn’t like the smell.
8. He’s working out because he doesn’t want to exercise / work at home / get fat.
9. A broken foot can be caused by swimming / jumping / wearing uncomfortable shoes.
10. If you take these pills, you will feel better / get fit / get lost.
3. Complete the text with the words below. There are more words than you need.
runny nose • pain • treatment • get in shape • flu • relax • stretching • symptoms • headache
Anne Sumner wanted to get fit. She started running, after her PE teacher told her that running was
a great way to 1.………………… . Anne decided that instead of walking to school, she would run there. The first day that she ran to school, Anne felt 2.………………… in her legs. When Anne saw her PE teacher, she told him that her legs hurt her. He listened to her 3.………………… and then explained that the 4.………………… for her problem was simple. He told her to work out for a short time before running. He also told her to do some 5.………………… exercises after her run because this would help her muscles to 6.……………. . Anne followed her teacher’s advice and now she enjoys running every day.
4. Complete the sentences with the words below.
can’t … be bothered • flat • realistic • tragedy • identify • achieve … goal • mistreated • get fit • complained • injured
1. Rose always says that she wants to be a doctor, but I doubt that she will ever ………………… her ………………… . These days, she ………………… even ………………… to study for an exam.
2. Seventeen people died in the fire and many others were ………………… . It was a
terrible ………………… .
3.It’s quite easy to ………………… animals that have been ………………… . They are
often frightened of people, and look unhealthy.
4. It’s not ………………… to think that you can ………………… in a week, but you’ll definitely have more energy within a month of starting this programme.
5.He ………………… that there were too many hills, and said that he preferred to ride his
bike on ………………… ground.
Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Sally wants to learn to swim. May / Can / Should you teach her?
2. When I was younger, I might / was able to / should dance well.
3. I’m not sure yet, but I might / ought to / have to go to the concert tonight.
4. They don’t have to / shouldn’t / couldn’t have dinner so late. It’s not healthy.
5. You mustn’t / can’t / needn’t smoke in a hospital.
6. You may / couldn’t / don’t have to help me. I don’t need help.
2. Complete the sentences with the modals below.
needn’t • could • ought to • won’t be able to • may • might not
1. You ………………… pay to work out in the school gym. It’s free.
2. You have been ill for a few days. You ………………… go to the doctor.
3. My hand is broken. I ………………… play tennis for a few months.
4. You ………………… use my car, but please return it this evening.
5. No one is waiting near the ticket office. It ………………… be open.
6. Lori’s foot is hurting. It ………………… be broken.
3. Write sentences using modals according to the instructions.
1. Advise your friend not to stay up late before the exam.
2. Tell your parents that it’s possible you will go out after dinner.
3. Ask the teacher if students are obliged to do sport.
4. Give a friend permission to use your mobile phone.
4. Choose the correct answers.
If you wanted to change your diet, what changes 1. would you make / will you make / do you make? Nowadays, when hundreds of different eating plans and diet programmes 2. are promoted / are being promoted / promoting , it seems to be 3. more difficult than / as difficult as / most difficult ever to decide what to eat. According to some of these diets, 4. anyone / someone / no one should eat carbohydrates or dairy products, but others say these things are essential. Some say that we can’t be healthy unless we 5. will be / are / have been vegetarians. Others say we 6. needn’t / might not / couldn’t give up meat at all. So, how can you decide what changes to make in your diet? Start by seeing a doctor, dietician or other professional 7. which / who / where has studied nutrition and 8. can / must / ought to give expert advice. Probably, they 9. are going to help / will help / are helping you create an eating plan that suits your lifestyle. You will be more likely to follow a healthier diet if it 10. included / includes / is including at least some of your favourite foods.
WRITING
Write an informative essay about the polio vaccine. Use the information below to help you.
Name of discovery:
polio vaccine
Why it’s important:
Polio caused death and paralysis in many people. / The vaccine helps prevent polio.
How it works:
The body is injected with the virus, so it can fight illness.
Who discovered it:
Jonas Salk, medical researcher
When it was discovered:
in 1952
The dangers of using it:
allergic reaction
LEVEL 2
1. The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct sentences.
1. Try to get in shape. Sit down, close your eyes and take slow, deep breaths. …………
2. Playing sport is a fun way to achieve your goal. …………………
3. The best pill for your illness is rest. …………………
4. You might relax and become a professional football player. You’re very good. ………
5. It’s not a swollen head injury. Don’t worry. …………………
6. He takes a symptom for his heart. …………………
7. His main treatment is a cough. …………………
8. The allergic reactions will be given in your arm. …………………
9. Her feet were so severe that she couldn’t put her shoes on. …………………
10. He has injections to peanuts. …………………
2. Complete the sentences.
1.I’ve got a s … … … … … … … … … so my mother told me to drink tea and eat ice cream.
2.I’m very busy this week, so let’s m … … … … … … … … for next week.
3.Many artists draw a s … … … … … before they paint a picture.
4.The happy couple a … … … … … … … … that they would get married in June.
5.I don’t want to go out. Let’s s … … … … … .
6.I ate too much and now I’ve got a s … … … … … … … … … … .
7.Debbie has decided to change her l … … … … … … … … , so she’s started exercising and eating healthily.
8.Your hair looks l … … … … … . Where did you get it cut?
3. Complete the sentences to show you understand the meaning of the underlined words.
1. A personal trainer will help you .
2. They tried to put out .
3. An uninformed person doesn’t .
4. Our teacher complained that we .
5. Don’t forget to sign .
6. It was irresponsible of him to .
4. Complete the text with the words below. There are more words than you need.
vitamins • reflected • included • modern • simple • smooth • pain• rash • stretching • safe • breathe • work out • trendy • identify • hide
Pilates, an exercise system once used mainly by professional dancers, has become 1.………………… in recent years. It was developed in the 1920s by Joseph Pilates, who thought that the 2.………………… 20th-century lifestyle was responsible for many health complaints. Joseph Pilates was quite ill as a child. His health problems 3.………………… a bone condition caused by the lack of certain 4.………………… and minerals. But, when he was a young man, Pilates began to 5.………………… , learning yoga and martial arts, and his health gradually improved. Then, he developed the exercises that we call Pilates today. The exercises are not complex. In fact, they are quite 6.………………… . The focus is on slow 7.………………… of muscles as well as on the proper way to 8.………………… in and out during the exercises. Pilates can help prevent back 9.………………… , which people often get when they grow older. In addition, a trained Pilates instructor can 10.………………… someone’s problem areas and give specific exercises to help.
Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the modals below. Use each modal once.
might • have to • needn’t • mustn’t • can • shouldn’t • may • ought to • will be able to • wasn’t able to
1. We ………… make plans to see Susie this week because she’s leaving next Monday.
2. When he was young, he ………………… read.
3. I ………………… go to the concert tonight, but I haven’t decided yet.
4. You ………………… smoke in a hospital.
5. He can’t come round tonight, but hopefully he ………………… visit us tomorrow.
6. We ………………… pay to work out in the school gym. It’s free.
7. You’ve been sneezing a lot today. You ………………… have the flu.
8. They ………………… eat so late. It’s not healthy.
9. ………………… I have the last piece of cake?
10. You ………………… wash the dishes. It’s your turn.
2. Choose the correct answers.
More than 2,000 years ago, in Ancient Greece, sport 1. considered / is considered / was considered an important part of education. People believed that children 2. can’t / couldn’t / could learn well 3. if / unless / when they had healthy bodies. Many families sent their boys to special schools 4. where / who / when they learned athletics in addition to reading, writing and music. People today also believe that children 5. can / ought to / could get exercise. According to experts, if children are physically active, they 6. develop / would develop / developed good habits that will last a lifetime. For this reason, sport 7. teaches / taught / is taught in many schools. However, children today are weaker and 8. as fit as / less fit than / fitter than children were a decade ago. Researchers explained that this was probably because children 9. have spent / are spending / spent more time at computers than playing outside. A few hours of sport at school each week, 10. that / when / which is the only physical activity some kids have, is not enough to keep them in good shape!
3. Complete the 2nd sentence with up to 3 words so that it means the same as the first.
1.“What are your symptoms?” he asked.
He asked me what ……………………… .
2.If you pay extra, you can have a lesson with a personal trainer.
You can’t have a lesson with a personal trainer ……………………… extra.
3.John couldn’t work out yesterday.
John ……………………… to work out yesterday.
4.He is examining my brother now.
My brother ……………………… now.
5.The hairdresser cut my hair yesterday.
I ……………………… cut yesterday.
4. Correct the mistakes.
1. I will have dinner with my grandparents at 8 tonight.
2. He wanted to know what was my lifestyle.
3. Injections are giving by the nurse right now.
4. You needn’t to drive me to the party.
5. If you listened to me, you wouldn’t have fallen.
WRITING
Write an informative essay about the polio vaccine. Use the information below to help you.
Name of discovery:
polio vaccine
Why it’s important:
Polio caused death and paralysis in many people. / The vaccine helps prevent polio.
How it works:
The body is injected with the virus, so it can fight illness.
Who discovered it:
Jonas Salk, medical researcher
When it was discovered:
in 1952
The dangers of using it:
allergic reaction
Listening
Listen to two friends talking about an unusual race. Then complete the sentences.
1. The continents that have got races in the 4 Deserts race are.
2. A person can compete in the Antarctic race if he / she
3. The Antarctic is considered a desert because it has got less than .
4. Each race is long and takes days.
5. To prepare for the race, Mark
Speaking
1. What do you think is the best way to get in shape? Choose five of the methods below and complete the first column of the chart. Put them in order from best to worst.
working out at the gym • swimming • riding a bike • running
walking • playing tennis • playing basketball
Best ways to get in shape
Agree?
Y / N
Why or why not
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. Tell your partner your opinions in Exercise 1. Does he / she agree? Why or why not?
Complete the chart with your partner’s opinions.
Reading
Read the text and do the exercises that follow.
5
10
15
20
In 2001, Cameron Clapp was a typical 15 year old from California. Then, one night, he was hit by a train. Cameron doesn’t remember the accident, but he’ll never forget waking up in the emergency room.
His injuries were extensive. The surgeons had to amputate one of his arms and both of his legs. At first, the doctors said Cameron might not live, but Cameron survived. Then, they told his parents that their son probably wouldn’t be able to walk again, but Cameron was determined to show them that they were wrong.
Cameron left the hospital after three weeks, and months later he was given his first simple artificial legs. In the beginning, he was in terrible pain when he tried to use his new legs. Cameron found that swimming helped him with the pain. Later, he had to learn to walk and then to run. If he fell down, he would get up again. Before the accident, Cameron had loved sport, so as soon as he could, he started working out regularly, so he could get in shape again. His determination helped him and he eventually became as active as he was before the accident.
Today, Cameron has got special computer-controlled legs that use very advanced technology. He runs, swims and plays golf using different artificial legs for each sport. He has also won many gold medals at the Endeavour Games, a US competition for athletes with special physical problems like his.
Cameron’s life has changed since the accident. Cameron feels that fighting for what he wants has made him both a stronger athlete and a better person. Because people are interested in his story, Cameron has also been on television and he has travelled to many places. In addition, he works with other people who have lost their arms or legs. He understands their difficulties. He’s an inspiration to them and he helps them see that they needn’t let their injuries prevent them from achieving their goals. Cameron said, “Impossible is an opinion, not a fact” – and he ought to know.
1. Complete the sentences.
1.In contrast to his doctors’ predictions, Cameron ……………………… and ……………………… .
2.To get in shape, Cameron ……………………… .
3.Cameron wouldn’t have been successful if he hadn’t had .
4.Cameron uses for each sport he does.
5.Cameron can help other people because he .
2. Answer the questions.
1.What happened to Cameron in 2001 that changed his life?
2.How long was he in hospital?
3.Who can compete in the Endeavour Games?
3. What are three extraordinary things that Cameron does?
1.
2.
3.
4. Find words in the text to match the definitions below.
1. ordinary (lines 1-7)
2. large in amount or size (lines 1-7)
3. cut off an arm or leg (lines 1-7)
4. made by humans (lines 7-14)
5. finally (lines 8-14)
6. someone or something that makes you want to do something (lines 19-25)
runny nose • pain • treatment • get in shape • flu • relax • stretching • symptoms • headache
|
a great way to 1.………………… . Anne decided that instead of walking to school, she would run there. The first day that she ran to school, Anne felt 2.………………… in her legs. When Anne saw her PE teacher, she told him that her legs hurt her. He listened to her 3.………………… and then explained that the 4.………………… for her problem was simple. He told her to work out for a short time before running. He also told her to do some 5.………………… exercises after her run because this would help her muscles to 6.……………. . Anne followed her teacher’s advice and now she enjoys running every day.
can’t … be bothered • flat • realistic • tragedy • identify • achieve … goal • mistreated • get fit • complained • injured
|
needn’t • could • ought to • won’t be able to • may • might not
|
Name of discovery:
|
polio vaccine
|
Why it’s important:
|
Polio caused death and paralysis in many people. / The vaccine helps prevent polio.
|
How it works:
|
The body is injected with the virus, so it can fight illness.
|
Who discovered it:
|
Jonas Salk, medical researcher
|
When it was discovered:
|
in 1952
|
The dangers of using it:
|
allergic reaction
|
vitamins • reflected • included • modern • simple • smooth • pain• rash • stretching • safe • breathe • work out • trendy • identify • hide
|
might • have to • needn’t • mustn’t • can • shouldn’t • may • ought to • will be able to • wasn’t able to
|
Name of discovery:
|
polio vaccine
|
Why it’s important:
|
Polio caused death and paralysis in many people. / The vaccine helps prevent polio.
|
How it works:
|
The body is injected with the virus, so it can fight illness.
|
Who discovered it:
|
Jonas Salk, medical researcher
|
When it was discovered:
|
in 1952
|
The dangers of using it:
|
allergic reaction
|
working out at the gym • swimming • riding a bike • running
walking • playing tennis • playing basketball |
Best ways to get in shape
|
Agree?
Y / N |
Why or why not
| |
1.
| |||
2.
| |||
3.
| |||
4.
| |||
5.
|
Complete the chart with your partner’s opinions.
5 10
15
20 |
In 2001, Cameron Clapp was a typical 15 year old from California. Then, one night, he was hit by a train. Cameron doesn’t remember the accident, but he’ll never forget waking up in the emergency room.
His injuries were extensive. The surgeons had to amputate one of his arms and both of his legs. At first, the doctors said Cameron might not live, but Cameron survived. Then, they told his parents that their son probably wouldn’t be able to walk again, but Cameron was determined to show them that they were wrong.
Cameron left the hospital after three weeks, and months later he was given his first simple artificial legs. In the beginning, he was in terrible pain when he tried to use his new legs. Cameron found that swimming helped him with the pain. Later, he had to learn to walk and then to run. If he fell down, he would get up again. Before the accident, Cameron had loved sport, so as soon as he could, he started working out regularly, so he could get in shape again. His determination helped him and he eventually became as active as he was before the accident.
Today, Cameron has got special computer-controlled legs that use very advanced technology. He runs, swims and plays golf using different artificial legs for each sport. He has also won many gold medals at the Endeavour Games, a US competition for athletes with special physical problems like his.
Cameron’s life has changed since the accident. Cameron feels that fighting for what he wants has made him both a stronger athlete and a better person. Because people are interested in his story, Cameron has also been on television and he has travelled to many places. In addition, he works with other people who have lost their arms or legs. He understands their difficulties. He’s an inspiration to them and he helps them see that they needn’t let their injuries prevent them from achieving their goals. Cameron said, “Impossible is an opinion, not a fact” – and he ought to know.
|
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