REPORTED SPEECH
TEORÍA:
John: "My name's John" (direct speech)
He said (that*) his name was John (reported speech)
(Dijo que su
nombre era John)
*se puede
omitir el "that".
Se puede observar que después del verbo
"said" en el pasado es muy natural seguir con el resto de la frase en
el pasado: "...his name WAS John". Esto no significa que ahora John
no se llama John, se dice así por razones de una concordancia de tiempos
en la frase: "said" y "was". Claro está, si todavía John se
llama John, NO podemos rechazar la frase:
He said that his name IS John
(Dijo que su
nombre ES John)
También es correcto.
Consideremos la frase emitida hace una semana:
Mary: "I'm going to Madrid
tomorrow"
Si una semana más tarde comentamos sobre lo que dijo Mary, ahora
se debe utilizar el verbo en el pasado porque la acción ya no es presente:
Mary said that she WAS going to Madrid the following day (reported speech)
Observa que "I'm going" pasa
a "I was going" en el estilo indirecto. Todos los tiempos pasan a
"uno más atrás" en el pasado. En el ejemplo siguiente, apreciamos
como Present Perfect pasa a Past Perfect.
Dave: I HAVE SEEN that film
Dave said that he HAD SEEN that film
En el caso de que no se puede ir "más atrás" en el
pasado, se repite el mismo verbo:
Mike: I HAD BEEN there
He said that he HAD BEEN there
Jenny: I WAS WATCHING a film
Jenny said that she WAS WATCHING a film
o, Jenny said that she had been watching a film
I'm going tomorrow
He said he was going the next day (o "the following day")
I'm playing football next week
He said he was playing football the following week
I went last week
He said he had gone the week before
Y si también nos hemos desplazado en el espacio, es decir, ya no
estamos en el mismo sitio en el que se dijo la frase original:
I like it here
He said that he liked it there
Los verbos modales también tienen su forma pasada que se aplica
cuando empleamos el estilo indirecto:
I can speak English
He said that he COULD speak English
I'll see you next week
She said that she WOULD see him the following week
Ahora consideremos esta pregunta:
Is your name
John?
Una pregunta en el estilo indirecto que exige la respuesta
"sí" o "no" debe llevar la palabra "IF" (si), es
decir, queremos saber si la respuesta es "sí" o
"no":
She asked him IF his name was John.
Preguntas abiertas que no piden un "sí" o
"no", es decir, preguntas que llevan palabras como: what?, when?,
why?, who?, which?, how?, whose?, where?, how much? , what time?, etc. se
estructuran así:
What is your name?
She asked what his name was.
When did you see that film?
She asked when he saw that film.
How much are the potatoes?
They asked how much the potatoes were.
Where can we go?
He asked when they could go.
Hay que fijar en la forma afirmativa de
las frases en el estilo indirecto. De ninguna manera pueden ser en la forma
interrogativa; no cometas en error de invertir el sujeto con el auxiliar como
si de una pregunta se tratara o de incluir los auxiliares interrogativos: do,
does, did:
Go away! (Vaya usted)
She told him to go away (Le dijo que se fuese)
Sit down and be quiet!
She told the children to sit down and be quiet.
Es común el uso de "told" en
estas frases y observamos que el verbo aparece en su forma infinitiva:
"...to go away"; "to sit down and be quiet"
EXERCISES
1. REPORT KATIE´S CONVERSATION WITH MARGUERITE. FILL
IN THE GAPS.
Katie:
` I´ve started smoking and I like it. I´ve smoked since last October and I
won´t stop`. Marguerite: `I can´t believe it ´.
2. REPORTED SPEECH.Report
what Julia said
JULIA:
`My name´s Julia. I came to England
in 1991 and I´ve been living in London
for 8 years.I´m working for the BBC. I´ll go back to Spain very soon.´
4. PUT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH.
1.”I´ll come with you as soon as I´m ready”
she said.
2.”What do you think of the canteen
coffee?”asked Peter.
3.”Don´t wait till tomorrow” she said, “post
the letter now”.
4.”Did you play for your school team?” asked
Ann.
5.”I couldn´t get into the house because I
had lost my key”he said.
6.”Lend me your pen for a moment!” I said to
Mary.
7.”If the iron is too hot, you will burn your
clothes” I told her.
8.”Don´t touch that switch, John!” I said.
9. “I´ve been in London for a month now” said Rupert.
10.”Are
you going to live in this big house?” asked Bill.
to
threaten / to offer / to suggest / to complain / to advise/ to order / to
regret / to deny /to accuse / to apologise .
1.”I´ll do the shopping for you”
2.”You´ve
cheated in the exam”
3.”My
back is always hurting”
4.
“Shall we go to Paris ?”
5.”If
you tell my mother I´ll kill you!”
6.”You
shouldn´t smoke so much”
7.
“Stop making noises!”
9.”I
didn´t kill anyone”
10.”I
wish I hadn´t come”
6. REPORTED SPEECH.
a) Put these
sentences into reported speech.
1.
“I´ve left some books on your table, I think they can be useful”,said Peter.
2.
“Are there any letters for me? asked Mary.
3.
“Don´t lend Harry any money!” I said to Ann.
4.
“Who did you give the money to?” said the man.
5.
The mother said to her son, “Go and buy some potatoes!”
b) Use one of the following verbs to introduce the
sentences when passing into reported speech:
ADVISE COMPLAIN OFFER
DENY APOLOGISE
1.
“I´ll finish the exercises for you”
2.
“You shouldn´t do so much sport!”
3.
“We didn´t hit the little boy”
4.
“We always have too much homework”
5.
“I´m sorry I didn´t tell you before”
7. REPORTED SPEECH.
1. Peter
said: “I´m studying hard for the exams”
2. Ann
said: “You will forget me very soon”
3. James
said: “My car broke down on my way here”
4. David
said:” You shouldn´t smoke so much”
5.”I
can see you tomorrow”, he said.
1.
Peter said:“I´ve left some books on your table”.
2.
Mary asked: “Are there any letters for me today?”
3. I
said to Ann: “Don´t lend Harry any money!”
4.
The man said: “Who did you meet at the party yesterday?”
5. The
mother said to her son: “Go and buy some
potatoes!”
9. PUT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH.
1-She
said: “I´ll come with you next Tuesday”.
2-He
said: “I´ve been in London
for a month now”.
3-They
said: “I´m going to the cinema tomorrow”
4-Dave
said: “I spent all my money yesterday”.
5-Paula
said: “I love playing tennis with you”.
11.
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH
1. “I´m going out now, but
I´ll be in by nine”, he said.
2. “Fasten your seat
belts,we are going to take off”, said the air hostess.
3. “Have you been here for
long?”, the other students asked him.
4. “Where can I park my
caravan?”,she asked the policeman.
5. “I´m thinking of going
alone”, she said.
6. “Lend Harry some money”,
I said to Ann “he always pays his debts”.
7. “I have booked a room in
the best hotel for tomorrow”, my friend said.
8. “You may leave your
cycle in my garage if you like” he said “I´ll keep an eye on it while you are
away”
9. “Who do you want to
speak to ?” the telephonist said.
10. “Go to a dentist before
your toothache gets any worse, Tom” I said.
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